Prowpers: joomla |Astuce,Tuto,Exlusive

Le fichier .htaccess un fichier utilisé par le serveur apache pour contrôler les dossier d'un site web et contient une liste des commandes permettra de personnaliser le comportement de "votre" serveur. Ils se révéleront très utiles si vous n'avez pas accès au fichier de configuration principal.
Mais savez-vous que vous pouvez réduire considérablement la taille et augmenter la vitesse de votre site web simplement en utilisant un fichier .htaccess ? Compression automatique des ressources, ETags et Expires Headers sont souvent des éléments négligés, qui peuvent grandement améliorer les performances de votre site web.
Ajouter les liens de code suivant dans le fichier .htaccess à la racine de site joomla et vous voyez bien sure un grande différence :
###############################################################################
## Joomla 2.5 Master .htaccess / Version 2.5 (proposed) - May 31th, 2011
## ---------- Notice ---------- 
## It is prudent to remove all of the commenting notes once fully tested
## and functioning to reduce the file size the parsing time.
## ---------- Credits ---------- 
## Brian Teeman, Ken Crowder, Radek Suski and Fotis Evangelou,
## Jon Neubauer, Nicholas K. Dionysopoulos, Radek Suski, Jon Brown 
## Jeff Star @perishable
## Cindy Montano @montanodesigns
## ---------- Disclaimer ---------- 
## USE THIS FILE AT YOUR OWN RISK
## This is not a one-size fits all solution. You MUST test this file on your
## server to see what works best for you. 
## Many items may work for Joomla 1.5 but this is specifically for Joomla 2.5
## You have been warned.  Beyond this place, there be dragons.
###############################################################################

###################################################
##------------------The Basics-------------------##
###################################################
 
########## Begin - RewriteEngine enabled
RewriteEngine On
########## End - RewriteEngine enabled
 
########## Begin - RewriteBase
# Uncomment following line if your webserver's URL
# is not directly related to physical file paths.
# Update Your Joomla! Directory (just / for root)
 
# RewriteBase /
########## End - RewriteBase
 
########## Begin - No directory listings
## Note: +FollowSymlinks may cause problems and you might have to remove it
IndexIgnore *
Options +FollowSymLinks All -Indexes
########## End - No directory listings
 
########## Begin - File execution order, by Komra.de
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
########## End - File execution order

###################################################
##------------------Performance------------------##
###################################################
########## Begin - ETag Optimization
## This rule will create an ETag for files based only on the modification
## timestamp and their size. This works wonders if you are using rsync'ed
## servers, where the inode number of identical files differs.
## Note: It may cause problems on your server and you may need to remove it
FileETag MTime Size
########## End - ETag Optimization

 
########## Begin - Automatic compression of resources
# Compress text, html, javascript, css, xml, kudos to Komra.de
# May kill access to your site for old versions of Internet Explorer
# The server needs to be compiled with mod_deflate otherwise it will send HTTP 500 Error.
# mod_deflate is not available on Apache 1.x series. Can only be used with Apache 2.x server.
# AddOutputFilterByType is now deprecated by Apache. Use mod_filter in the future.
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain text/html text/xml text/css application/xml application/xhtml+xml application/rss+xml application/javascript application/x-javascript
########## Begin - Optimal default expiration time
## Note: this might cause problems and you might have to comment it out by
## placing a hash in front of this section's lines
<ifmodule mod_expires.c>
 # Enable expiration control
 ExpiresActive On
 
 # Default expiration: 1 hour after request
 ExpiresDefault "now plus 1 hour"
 
 # CSS and JS expiration: 1 week after request
 ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 1 week"
 ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 1 week"
 ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 1 week"
 
 # Image files expiration: 1 month after request
 ExpiresByType image/bmp "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/gif "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/jpeg "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/jp2 "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/pipeg "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/png "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/tiff "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/x-icon "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/ico "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/icon "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType text/ico "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType application/ico "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType image/vnd.wap.wbmp "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType application/vnd.wap.wbxml "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType application/smil "now plus 1 month"
 
 # Audio files expiration: 1 month after request
 ExpiresByType audio/basic "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/mid "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/midi "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/mpeg "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/x-aiff "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/x-mpegurl "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/x-pn-realaudio "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType audio/x-wav "now plus 1 month"
 
 # Movie files expiration: 1 month after request
 ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType x-world/x-vrml "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType video/x-msvideo "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType video/mpeg "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType video/mp4 "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType video/quicktime "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType video/x-la-asf "now plus 1 month"
 ExpiresByType video/x-ms-asf "now plus 1 month"
</IfModule>
########## End - Optimal expiration time

########## End - Automatic compression of resources
###################################################
##----------------Block Bad Guys-----------------##
###################################################
########## Begin - Add optional bad user agent or IP blocking code
#
# If you need to block certain user agents or IP addresses and
# other signatures, place that code here. Ensure the rules use
# the correct RewriteRule syntax and the [F] flag.
#
########## End - Add optional bad user agent or IP blocking code
 
########## Begin - Rewrite rules to block out some common exploits
## If you experience problems on your site block out the operations listed below
## This attempts to block the most common type of exploit `attempts` to Joomla!
#
# If the request query string contains /proc/self/environ (by SigSiu.net)
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} proc/self/environ [OR]
# Block out any script trying to set a mosConfig value through the URL
# (these attacks wouldn't work w/out Joomla! 1.5's Legacy Mode plugin)
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D) [OR]
# Block out any script trying to base64_encode or base64_decode data within the URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_(en|de)code[^(]*\([^)]*\) [OR]
## IMPORTANT: If the above line throws an HTTP 500 error, replace it with these 2 lines:
# RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_encode\(.*\) [OR]
# RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_decode\(.*\) [OR]
# Block out any script that includes a <script> tag in URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|%3C)([^s]*s)+cript.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
# Block out any script trying to set a PHP GLOBALS variable via URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]
# Block out any script trying to modify a _REQUEST variable via URL
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} _REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})
# Return 403 Forbidden header and show the content of the root homepage
RewriteRule .* index.php [F]
#
########## End - Rewrite rules to block out some common exploits
 
########## Begin - File injection protection, by SigSiu.net
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} GET
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http:// [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+ [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
########## End - File injection protection
 
########## Begin - Basic antispam Filter, by SigSiu.net
## I removed some common words, tweak to your liking
## This code uses PCRE and works only with Apache 2.x.
## This code will NOT work with Apache 1.x servers.
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \b(ambien|blue\spill|cialis|cocaine|ejaculation|erectile)\b [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \b(erections|hoodia|huronriveracres|impotence|levitra|libido)\b [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \b(lipitor|phentermin|pro[sz]ac|sandyauer|tramadol|troyhamby)\b [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \b(ultram|unicauca|valium|viagra|vicodin|xanax|ypxaieo)\b [NC]
## Note: The final RewriteCond must NOT use the [OR] flag.
RewriteRule .* - [F]
## Note: The previous lines are a "compressed" version
## of the filters. You can add your own filters as:
## RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \bbadword\b [NC,OR]
## where "badword" is the word you want to exclude.
########## End - Basic antispam Filter, by SigSiu.net

 
## Disallow visual fingerprinting of Joomla! sites (module position dump)
## handle template and tmpl query parameters
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (^|&)tmpl=(component|system) [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [L]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (^|&)t(p|emplate|mpl)= [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
 
## Disallow access to htaccess.txt, configuration.php, configuration.php-dist and php.ini
RewriteRule ^(htaccess\.txt|configuration\.php(-dist)?|php\.ini)$ - [F]
 
########## End - Advanced server protection - query strings, referrer and config
## Disallow front-end access for certain Joomla! system directories
RewriteRule ^includes/js/ - [L]
RewriteRule ^(cache|includes|language|libraries|logs|tmp)/ - [F]

########## Begin - Advanced server protection - paths and files
# Advanced server protection, version 3.2 - May 2011
# by Nicholas K. Dionysopoulos
 
## Back-end protection
## This also blocks fingerprinting attacks browsing for XML and INI files
RewriteRule ^administrator/?$ - [L]
RewriteRule ^administrator/index\.(php|html?)$ - [L]
RewriteRule ^administrator/index[23]\.php$ - [L]
RewriteRule ^administrator/(components|modules|templates|images|plugins)/([^/]+/)*([^/.]+\.)+(jp(e?g|2)?|png|gif|bmp|css|js|swf|html?|mp(eg?|[34])|avi|wav|og[gv]|xlsx?|docx?|pptx?|zip|rar|pdf|xps|txt|7z|svg|od[tsp]|flv|mov)$ - [L]
RewriteRule ^administrator/ - [F] 

 ########## Block bad user agents
 ## The following list may include bots that no longer exist or are not a problem
 ## for your site. The list will always be incomplete and it is therefore wise to
 ## follow discussions on one of the many "security" mailing lists or on a forum
 ## such as http://www.webmasterworld.com/search_engine_spiders/
 ## It is also unwise to rely on this list as your ONLY security mechanism.
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^BlackWidow [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Bot\ mailto:craftbot@yahoo.com [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ChinaClaw [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Custo [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^DISCo [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Download\ Demon [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^eCatch [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EirGrabber [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EmailSiphon [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EmailWolf [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Express\ WebPictures [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ExtractorPro [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^EyeNetIE [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^FlashGet [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GetRight [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GetWeb! [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Go!Zilla [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Go-Ahead-Got-It [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^GrabNet [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Grafula [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^HMView [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} HTTrack [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Image\ Stripper [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Image\ Sucker [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Indy\ Library [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^InterGET [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Internet\ Ninja [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^JetCar [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^JOC\ Web\ Spider [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^larbin [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^LeechFTP [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mass\ Downloader [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^MIDown\ tool [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mister\ PiX [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Navroad [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NearSite [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetAnts [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetSpider [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Net\ Vampire [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NetZIP [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Octopus [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Offline\ Explorer [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Offline\ Navigator [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^PageGrabber [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Papa\ Foto [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^pavuk [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^pcBrowser [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^RealDownload [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ReGet [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SiteSnagger [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SmartDownload [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SuperBot [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^SuperHTTP [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Surfbot [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^tAkeOut [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Teleport\ Pro [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^VoidEYE [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Web\ Image\ Collector [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Web\ Sucker [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebAuto [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebCopier [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebFetch [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebGo\ IS [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebLeacher [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebReaper [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebSauger [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Website\ eXtractor [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Website\ Quester [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebStripper [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebWhacker [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WebZIP [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Widow [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^WWWOFFLE [OR]

 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xaldon\ WebSpider [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus
 ## Note: The final RewriteCond must NOT use the [OR] flag.
 
 ## Return 403 Forbidden error.
 RewriteRule .* - [F]
 
  ServerSignature Off
 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(HEAD|TRACE|DELETE|TRACK) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} (\\r|\\n|%0A|%0D) [NC,OR]
 
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} (<|>|’|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} (<|>|’|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(,|;|:|<|>|”>|”<|/|\\\.\.\\).{0,9999} [NC,OR]
 
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^$ [OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^(java|curl|wget) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (winhttp|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (libwww-perl|curl|wget|python|nikto|scan) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (<|>|’|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]
 
 #Block mySQL injects
 RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (;|<|>|’|”|\)|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%3C|%3E|).*(/\*|union|select|insert|cast|set|declare|drop|update|md5|benchmark) [NC,OR]
 
 RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \.\./\.\. [OR]
 
 RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (localhost|loopback|127\.0\.0\.1) [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \.[a-z0-9] [NC,OR]
 RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|>|’|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC]
 # Note: The final RewriteCond must NOT use the [OR] flag.
 
 # Return 403 Forbidden error.
 RewriteRule .* index.php [F]
 
 ########## Begin - Redirect index.php to /
## Note: Change example.com to reflect your own domain name
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !^POST
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /index\.php\ HTTP/
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT}>s ^(443>(s)|[0-9]+>s)$
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ http%2://www.example.com/$1 [R,L]
## If the above line throws a 500 error, change [R,L] to [R,L]
########## End - Redirect index.php to /

###################################################
##------------------Allow Access-----------------##
###################################################

########## Begin - Advanced server protection rules exceptions ####
##
## These are sample exceptions to the Advanced Server Protection 3.1
## rule set further down this file.
##
## Add more rules to single PHP files here change(your_template_folder) 
RewriteRule ^templates\/your_template_folder/ - [L]
## I found this necessary for @fontface fonts
RewriteRule ^templates\/your_template_folder\/fonts/ - [L]
##Yoo Themes Widgetkit and Zoo will not display css styles or images correctly if the cache folder access is blocked
RewriteRule ^cache\/widgetkit/ - [L]
RewriteRule ^cache\/com_zoo/ - [L]
RewriteRule ^cache\/com_templates/ - [L]
RewriteRule ^cache\/template/ - [L]
RewriteRule ^cache\/plg_jch_optimize/ - [L]

## Allow UddeIM CAPTCHA
#RewriteRule ^components/com_uddeim/captcha15\.php$ - [L]
## Allow Phil Taylor's Turbo Gears
#RewriteRule ^plugins/system/GoogleGears/gears-manifest\.php$ - [L]
## Allow JoomlaWorks AllVideos
#RewriteRule ^plugins/content/jw_allvideos/includes/jw_allvideos_scripts\.php$ - [L]
## Allow Admin Tools Joomla! updater to run
RewriteRule ^administrator/components/com_admintools/restore\.php$ - [L]
## Allow Akeeba Backup Professional's integrated restoration script to run
RewriteRule ^administrator/components/com_akeeba/restore\.php$ - [L]
## Allow Akeeba Kickstart
RewriteRule ^kickstart\.php$ - [L]
##### Advanced server protection rules exceptions -- END
 
## Allow Agora attachments, but not PHP files in that directory!
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !(\.php)$
#RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
#RewriteRule ^components/com_agora/img/members/ - [L]
 
# Add more rules for allowing full access (except PHP files) on more directories here
 
## Uncomment to allow full access to the cache directory (strongly not recommended!)
#RewriteRule ^cache/ - [L]
## Uncomment to allow full access to the tmp directory (strongly not recommended!)
#RewriteRule ^tmp/ - [L]
 
# Add more full access rules here
 
########## End - Advanced server protection rules exceptions ####
 
## Explicitly allow access only to XML-RPC's xmlrpc/index.php or plain xmlrpc/ directory
RewriteRule ^xmlrpc/(index\.php)?$ - [L]
RewriteRule ^xmlrpc/ - [F]
 
## Allow limited access for certain Joomla! system directories with client-accessible content
RewriteRule ^(components|modules|plugins|templates)/([^/]+/)*([^/.]+\.)+(jp(e?g|2)?|png|gif|bmp|css|js|swf|html?|mp(eg?|[34])|avi|wav|og[gv]|xlsx?|docx?|pptx?|zip|rar|pdf|xps|txt|7z|svg|od[tsp]|flv|mov)$ - [L]
## Uncomment this line if you have extensions which require direct access to their own
## custom index.php files. Note that this is UNSAFE and the developer should be ashamed
## for being so lame, lazy and security unconscious.
# RewriteRule ^(components|modules|plugins|templates)/([^/]+/)*(index\.php)?$ - [L]
## Uncomment the following line if your template requires direct access to PHP files
## inside its directory, e.g. GZip compressed copies of its CSS files
RewriteRule ^templates/([^/]+/)*([^/.]+\.)+php$ - [L]
RewriteRule ^(components|modules|plugins|templates)/ - [F]
 
## Disallow access to rogue PHP files throughout the site, unless they are explicitly allowed
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} \.php$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !/index[23]?\.php$
## The next line is to explicitly allow the forum post assistant(fpa-xx)script to run
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !/fpa-[a-z]{2}\.php
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule ^([^/]+/)*([^/.]+\.)+php$ - [F]
 
########## End - Advanced server protection - paths and files

###################################################
##-------------------Redirects-------------------##
###################################################
########## Begin - Google Apps redirection, by Komra.de
## Uncomment the following line to enable:
# RewriteRule ^mail http://mail.google.com/a/example.com [R,L]
## If the above doesn't work on your server, try this:
## RewriteRule ^mail http://mail.google.com/a/example.com [R,L]
########## End - Google Apps redirection
 
########## Begin - Custom redirects
#
# If you need to redirect some pages, place that code here. Ensure those
# redirects use the correct RewriteRule syntax and the [R,L] flags.
#
########## End - Custom redirects
 
########## Begin - Redirect (www.)olddomain.com to www.example.com
## Note: olddomain.com is your old domain name, you want to redirect FROM,
## whereas www.example.com is the new domain name you want to redirect TO.
## Change those names to reflect your current configuration. Remember, this
## small part of the file is supposed to be placed in www.olddomain.com!
## Note: Replace [R,L] with [R,L] if you get error 500.
## Uncomment the following lines to enable:
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?olddomain\.com [NC]
#RewriteRule (.*) http://www.example.com/$1 [R,L]
## Note: The above section is only required if you are changing your domain name.
########## End - Redirect (www.)olddomain.com to www.example.com
 
########## Begin - Force HTTPS for certain pages
# Force the page foobar.html to run in HTTPS mode, no matter what Joomla! says.
# This is a sample redirection for foobar.html. Do note that you have to change
# www.example.com to reflect your own domain. Remember to escape the dots using
# \. in the left hand side of each rule. You need BOTH LINES PER URL for the rule
# to work.
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443$
## Alternatively, comment the above line and uncomment the following line:
# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} ^off$ [NC]
#RewriteRule ^foobar\.html$ https://www.example.com/foobar.html [R,L]
## NOTE: If you get an HTTP 500 error, please swap [R,L] with [R,L]
# Add more rules below this line as required
########## End - Force HTTPS for certain pages
 

 
########## Begin - Redirect non-www to www
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R,L]
## If the above throws an HTTP 500 error, swap [R,L] with [R,L]
########## End - Redirect non-www to www
 
########## Begin - Redirect www to non-www
## WARNING: Comment out the non-www to www rule if you choose to use this
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
# RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R,L]
## If the above throws an HTTP 500 error, swap [R,L] with [R,L]
########## End - Redirect non-www to www
 
########## Begin - Custom internal rewrites
#
# If you need to internally rewrite some specific URL requests,
# place that code here. Ensure those internal rewrites use the
# correct RewriteRule syntax without domain name and with [L] flag.
#
########## End - Custom internal rewrites
 
########## Begin - Joomla! core SEF Section
#
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
#
# If the requested path and file is not /index.php and the request
# has not already been internally rewritten to the index.php script
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/index\.php
# and the request is for the site root, or for an extensionless URL,
# or the requested URL ends with one of the listed extensions
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /component/|(/[^.]*|\.(php|html?|feed|pdf|vcf|raw|ini|zip|json|file))$ [NC]
# and the requested path and file doesn't directly match a physical file
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
# and the requested path doesn't directly match a physical folder
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
# internally rewrite the request to the index.php script
RewriteRule .* index.php [L]
#
########## End
Observation:
Tous les serveurs ne sont pas construits de la même manière. Les réglages par défaut d'un serveur varient d'un hébergeur à l'autre, et cela signifie que certains paramètres de ce htaccess peuvent produire des erreurs 500 Internal Server Errors. Le meilleur moyen de définir exactement la cause de l'erreur est de supprimer un morceau du code, envoyer, puis tester le site. Si l'erreur persiste, replacez le premier morceau de code, puis supprimez-en un autre, puis répétez l'opération. Il est pratique de noter le numéro des lignes jusqu'à trouver le coupable.